Add metadata to requests to pub.dartlang.org. (#1521)

* Add metadata to requests to pub.dartlang.org.

This will help pub.dartlang.org better track how packages relate to one
another.

* Fix broken depenency tests.

Those unit tests import pub libraries directly without invoking a
command, so command was throwing an exception. Worse, the Pokemon
exception handler in DependencyValidator was then catching the
StateError, hiding the bug.

Also applied some other changes I suggested.